How Africa Changed the Premier League
1992-2000
Peter Ndlovu. Bruce Grobbelaar. George Ndah. Efan Okoku.
Those four names were the only players who would choose to represent African countries at international level to appear in the Premier League’s first season; 1992/93.
Next season it was four. 1994/1995 hit double figures with 11.
Not until the 2000/2001 season did we see the number hit over 20.
Sky Sports News have detailed the journey of the most significant of those players in the Premier League era, in a documentary; How Africa Changed the Premier League.
The focus is on players who have chosen to represent African countries at international level but of course the role in which Africa has played in the likes of Patrick Vieira, born in Senegal, goes without saying, with several players citing his journey from Senegal to the Premier League as inspirational.
The names that paved the way for African, Black and foreign players to play in England are certainly not of the household stature of those taking the field today.
Arthur Wharton, born in Ghana, was the world's first Black professional footballer, started his career at Darlington and finished at Stockport County with a range of Northern clubs in between.
The first African side to compete on the world stage was Egypt at the 1920 Olympic Games. The team included the first North African to play in the Football League, Hussein Hegazi, who first made a name for himself with top amateur club, Dulwich Hamlet, also turning out for Fulham in 1911.
Two fellow Egyptians, Mohamed El Guindy and Abdul Kerim Sakr signed as amateurs with Huddersfield Town in the 1940s while studying at Leeds University.
The 1948 Nationality Act, which guaranteed colonial and Commonwealth citizens right of entry to the UK, allowed British clubs to induce colonial players to sign.
But while white South African players were commonplace in English football, three Black players were signed from apartheid South Africa between 1956 and 1961: Stephen Mokone by Coventry City; Gerry Francis and Albert Johanneson by Leeds United.
It was not until 1978 that the FA relaxed the rules governing the signing of foreign-born players of non-Commonwealth status.
With the emergence of African national teams as competitors at the highest level - Cameroon beating Argentina in their opening group game at the 1990 World Cup, progressing to the quarter-final where, in a close game they lost 3-2 to England - the skills of the continent's footballers became, once more, sought after by British clubs
So how did Africa change the Premier League? Well let's start from the beginning.
Before pre-season tours of the USA, Australia and South-East Asia were the norm, commonwealth countries offered a solid option of where to get fit for Premier League teams.
Zimbabwe was still part of the commonwealth in the '90s, and where the Premier League’s first African player would hail from.
After several teams toured the South-African country in the summer of 1991, a skinny young winger was grabbing attention in Bulawayo.
“During my holidays back in Zimbabwe, my friends would be telling me about this player," said Ndlovu’s former agent Winston Makamure.
"Man City came, Coventry came, and they played against Highlanders and the Zimbabwe national team. Peter roasted them and did very well.
"Clubs wanted Peter and his brother Adam. I think Manchester United were interested but Coventry and John Sillet moved very quickly and took Peter."
So Ndlovu joined Coventry in 1991, and became the Premier League’s first African player in 1992. In the previous 10 years, eight African players had played in England's top league.
Ndlovu settled on the pitch, but off it, it took time.
"It was not easy. It wasn't easy coming from Bulawayo. He was very young and wasn't ready to be a celebrity and that made it difficult to settle," said Makamure
"The people of Coventry were so nice to him, especially the couple he stayed with originally. They would take him to all sorts, even school events with their kids!
"Peter became a huge star because of the Premier League. When South Africa became independent in 1994 they'd invite Zimbabwe over for matches, and if Peter wasn't part of the team, Zimbabwe wouldn't get paid as much.
“We would go to Cameroon, Ghana, and as soon as we stepped off the plane reporters were there for Peter."
Although Ndlovu took time to settle off the pitch, on the pitch he was starring.
A hat-trick at Anfield was a highlight for Ndlovu in a season where Coventry saw themselves at lofty heights in the table before petering off.
"We can look back now and see how critical Peter's success in England was for future African players. Clubs would get hold of me to say please, we want to get players for trials," said Makamure.
"So there was a time I was sending players over for trials, but we didn’t have many successful from Zimbabwe. But clubs started to pay attention to Africa because of Peter."
Ndlovu's goals, skill, and pace certainly did make the Premier League take notice. But two years later, a man from neighbouring South Africa would make first steps into becoming a Yorkshire legend.
Peter Ndlovu and agent Winston Makamure
Peter Ndlovu and agent Winston Makamure
"Lucas played in nearly every position for Leeds at some point," said Howard Wilkinson, the man who brought Radebe to Leeds.
An old friend of Wilkinson was living in South Africa at the time and sent the Leeds boss a tape of players which contained Radebe.
Wilkinson sent his chief scout over to South Africa, primarily to take a look at fellow South African Phil Masinga.
"The captain of South Africa at the time and Geoff [chief scout], bumped into each other in a hotel while he was over there," said Wilkinson
"Geoff was there to see Masinga but he was told the best player in South Africa was currently injured. Lucas Radebe.
"We watched Masinga. But couldn't watch Radebe because he was injured. But based on Geoff’s conversations out there we took them both."
Radebe was captain of the Johannesburg side Kaizer Chiefs before making the move to Leeds.
Such is the regard held for Radebe in Leeds, British Indie Rock band Kaiser Chiefs take their name from the side for that reason.
"It was a big story back home. The excitement was huge. Playing for Leeds United was absolutely massive, not just for me but for the country," said Radebe.
"Back home we gave hope to those kids who wanted to make football their career. Especially I think it helped change the mindset of parents and individuals that thought professional sports for them could never be achieved.
"Coming to England was an experience. The weather, the food, the culture, the traditions.
"But the move for me was more than about football itself. It’s about learning different cultures, being part of a city. What I achieved at Leeds, I don't think I would have achieved anywhere else.
One hundred and ninety-seven Premier League appearances, captain of Leeds, Radebe's legacy as an African player in England's top flight cannot be denied.
But what do fans remember most? Goals. It was a man from Ghana whose goals in the '90s showed Premier League fans, Africa could not be ignored.
Tony Yeboah arrived at Leeds United in 1995, making an immediate impact with his explosive style of play and clinical finishing.
Signed again by Wilkinson, Yeboah became the first Ghanaian player to grace the Premier League and wasted no time in making history.
“We had seen what he was doing in Germany mainly through the television," said Wilkinson.
"It was a slightly different transfer to Lucas because he came from Germany."
What truly defined Yeboah's stint at Leeds was his ability to score sensational goals. His thunderous strikes from distance and acrobatic finishes became the stuff of legend.
One goal that stands out is his iconic strike against Liverpool at Elland Road in 1995. Controlling a lofted ball with his chest, Yeboah unleashed a ferocious volley into the top corner, a goal that has been replayed countless times and is considered one of the greatest in Premier League history.
"Most of Tony's goals were pure. It’' what he did. He's capable of the one from one yard and one from 30. In terms of scoring goals, his golf bag was full of every club," said Wilkinson.
Wilkinson's side contained three out of 11 African players in the Premier League over the 1994/95 and 1995/96 seasons and is proud of the part he played in the history of African players in the league.
"Seeing is believing. Perhaps in the past, in the process of signing a player, there was someone who was involved in that process who pigeonholed players by virtue of their colour or nationality, Tony showed you can't do that.
"He had the ability, the talent and most importantly the character."
So we have the captain from Africa. The goals from Africa. But as the Premier League approached the millennium, and as the 1997/98 season started, we were still waiting for Africa's first Premier League winner.
Liberia have only had three players play in the Premier League. Nevertheless, the first won the league in his debut season and the second was a Ballon d'Or winner who would later go onto become President of the country.
Christopher Wreh joined Arsenal in 1997, signed by then-manager Arsene Wenger, who was beginning to make his mark on English football. Wreh arrived with promise and potential, and little did fans know that he would soon become a crucial part of the Gunners' squad.
Wreh's most significant contribution came during the 1997/98 season, a historic campaign for Arsenal in which they secured the Premier League title and the FA Cup.
While Dennis Bergkamp, Nicolas Anelka and Ian Wright are often the names associated with Arsenal's attacking prowess of that season, Wreh played a vital supporting role.
Between 1989 and 2003, civil war consumed the small West African nation of Liberia, resulting in the estimated deaths of 150,000 to 250,000 men, women and children, and the displacement of over half the country's population.
Wreh had moved to Monaco in 1989 but had grown up in the instability of the country.
"Arsene Wenger called me from our time at Monaco. He wanted me as the fourth striker at Arsenal," said Wreh.
"To come from growing up in a country with war in Liberia to winning the title makes me very proud."
Wreh's impact was highlighted in key moments throughout the season. One of the standout instances was his goal against Wolves in the FA Cup semi-final.
Perhaps Wreh's most memorable moments came in the league, where he scored the decisive goals against Wimbledon and Bolton. In a crucial fixtures as Arsenal chased the title, Wreh's goals secured victories contributing immensely to their league triumph.
While Wreh was a relative unknown to football fans at the time, the next African Premier League winner was already a star.
Nwankwo Kanu joined Arsenal in 1999, signing from Inter Milan. Kanu's skilful play and distinctive physique immediately set him apart, offering a different dimension to Arsenal's attacking prowess.
"Coming from Africa, you are representing Africa," said Kanu.
"Doing well, you are going to open doors for other African players to come here – I always carried this in my mind. It’s not always easy to make it from Africa."
The Nigerian had won Olympic Gold in 1996 in Atlanta, scoring twice in the semi-final against a Brazil side containing Ronaldo, Rivaldo, Roberto Carlos and Dida.
Future Premier League player Celestine Babayaro and Daniel Amokachi, who had just left Everton, scored in the final as Nigeria beat Argentina 3-2.
Kanu's impact at Arsenal is perhaps best encapsulated by his penchant for scoring memorable and crucial goals.
The striker would go onto win two Premier League titles and FA Cups at Arsenal, while also winning an FA Cup for Harry Redknapp's Portsmouth.
One of the standout moments in his Arsenal career came during the 1999/2000 season when he scored a stunning hat-trick against Chelsea as Arsenal were losing 2-0.
That hat-trick...
"It’s one of the best hat-tricks in the Premier League, if not the whole world! People from Africa, Asia and Europe talk about that," said Kanu
"Celestine Babayaro was my friend from Nigeria as well, he told me 'I've been telling everyone at Chelsea about your skills but you won't do anything today!'"
Although he was on the receiving end of Kanu's magic, Babayaro's face cannot help but light up when he recollects that October day back in 1999.
"Every time I see him I always tell him I will never forget those goals for the rest of my life," said Babayaro.
"He didn't have pace or anything but the man was a magician with the ball."
The African Football of the Year for 1999 showed Stamford Bridge why he deserved the title.
A toe-poke finish from inside the area to start. One touch in the box and powerful finish to equalise. And a Kanu special to finish.
"When I saw the 'keeper coming I had to use the fake shot skill. To take him out. I had to go for it, you have to have the skill and the technique to do it," said Kanu.
"We were winning 2-0 and then this guy comes with his long legs - and the show started!" said Marcel Desailly.
"Anywhere I go I wanted to put a stamp and show my quality - really show who King Kanu is!" said Kanu.
"After many years I was in the Premier League, I can see a lot of Africans coming in.
"All the other players who are coming in know the story of Kanu and really put Africa on the map in the Premier League."
The Moroccan Influence
In the late 1990s, two pairs of Morocco internationals were signed by two Premier League clubs.
Hassan Kachloul and Tahar El Khalej joined Southampton in 1998 and 1999 respectively while Youssef Chippo, and Mustapha Hadji graced the Premier League with their skill, flair, and unique playing styles at Coventry City.
Kachloul, a versatile midfielder, arrived in the Premier League in 1998 when he signed for Southampton. Known for his technical ability, vision, and work rate, Kachloul quickly became a fan favourite at the club.
His ability to dictate the tempo of the game and contribute both defensively and offensively made him a crucial part of the Southampton squad.
"Morocco in the nineties had a good team, one of the best in Africa," said Kachloul.
"We went to the World Cup in the States in '94 and France and '98. We proved at international level we could play.
"The squads in England were mainly full of British players. At first when I told them I was from Morocco they thought I meant Monaco!
"We were skilful players. The reputation we had at the time was that we didn't get stuck in as much as the British players.
"Different teams need different players. And we provided something different.
"We used to meet up in our time off and catch up in Birmingham or Southampton.
"I did see a few Aston Villa and Southampton shirts in Morocco!"
By the end of the '90s, the Premier League had seen the number of African players appearing in a season go from four, to 14.
The early pioneers that included, Ndlovu, Radebe, Yeboah, Wreh and Kanu were to prove vital in what would come next, as more and more players started to arrive.